Motor Feeder Planning Tool

Motor StartingVoltage Drop Calculator

Estimate running and starting voltage drop on single-phase and three-phase motor circuits using NEC Table 9 style AC impedance assumptions.

This tool is a planning check for motor feeders and branch circuits. It compares normal-load and start-up voltage drop using line voltage, full-load current, conductor impedance, and a locked-rotor current multiplier. It does not replace motor nameplate data, utility source studies, short-circuit analysis, or manufacturer starting limitations.

Motor Circuit Inputs

running current, starting multiplier, and conductor impedance

Starting Assumption

Typical across-the-line starts often land around 5x to 7x full-load current with a lower power factor than the running condition. Soft starters, VFDs, reduced-voltage starters, and motor-specific curves can materially reduce this result.

Voltage-Drop Results

running versus motor-starting condition

Running ConditionUnder 3%
0.98%
4.68 V drop at 62.0 A
Load voltage475.32 V
Effective impedance0.242 ohm/kft
Starting ConditionUnder 10%
3.18%
15.25 V drop at 372.0 A
Voltage during start464.75 V
Start-to-run drop ratio3.3x
Resistance
0.250
ohm/kft per phase set
Reactance
0.047
ohm/kft per phase set
Conductor Build
3 AWG
copper in steel conduit, 1 set
Design Notes

The running result uses the familiar AC drop relationship with effective impedance derived from resistance, reactance, and load power factor.

The starting result multiplies full-load current by the selected inrush factor and applies a lower starting power factor. That is useful for screening nuisance low-voltage starts, dimming complaints, and weak-feeder layouts.

Practical targets vary by motor and process. Many designers try to keep normal operation near 3% and starting events comfortably below the point where contactors chatter or acceleration becomes unacceptable.

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