12V Voltage Drop Calculator

Professional calculator for 12 volt DC systems. Perfect for automotive, RV, marine, and solar panel installations.

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12V System Applications

Automotive Wiring

Car and truck electrical systems typically operate at 12V. Proper wire sizing is critical for headlights, audio systems, winches, and aftermarket accessories.

  • • Headlights: 10-15A typical draw
  • • Car stereo: 5-20A depending on wattage
  • • Electric winch: 200-400A peak

RV & Camper Systems

RV house batteries run at 12V DC. Long wire runs from batteries to appliances require careful voltage drop calculations.

  • • LED lighting: 1-5A total
  • • 12V refrigerator: 5-8A
  • • Water pump: 4-8A

Marine Applications

Boats use 12V systems for navigation lights, bilge pumps, and electronics. Salt water environments require extra attention to wire sizing and connections.

  • • Navigation lights: 2-5A
  • • Bilge pump: 3-10A
  • • Fish finder/GPS: 1-3A

Solar Panel Systems

Small solar installations often use 12V battery banks. Wire sizing between panels, charge controller, and batteries is essential for efficiency.

  • • 100W panel at 12V: ~8A
  • • Keep voltage drop under 3%
  • • Consider fusing requirements

12V Wire Size Reference Chart

Recommended wire sizes for 3% voltage drop at 12V DC:

Current (A) 10 ft 25 ft 50 ft 100 ft
5A 18 AWG 16 AWG 14 AWG 10 AWG
10A 16 AWG 14 AWG 10 AWG 8 AWG
20A 14 AWG 10 AWG 8 AWG 6 AWG
30A 12 AWG 8 AWG 6 AWG 4 AWG
50A 10 AWG 6 AWG 4 AWG 2 AWG